Programming Languages

Syllabus

1. Module 1

   Language Evaluation and Semantics

   • Syntax, Semantics, and Pragmatics
   • Abstract Syntax Trees
   • Operational Semantics
   • Evaluation Order and Effects

2. Module 2

   Names, Scope, and Binding

   • Lexical and Dynamic Scope
   • Environments and Closures
   • Shadowing and Capture
   • Modules and Namespace Systems

3. Module 3

   Types and Type Systems

   • Static and Dynamic Typing
   • Type Safety and Progress–Preservation Intuition
   • Type Inference
   • Subtyping and Variance

4. Module 4

   Parametric and Algebraic Types

   • Parametric Polymorphism
   • Algebraic Data Types
   • Pattern Matching
   • Kinds and Higher-Kinded Types: An Introduction

5. Module 5

   Functional Languages

   • Lambda Calculus
   • Immutability and Persistent Data
   • Higher-Order Abstraction
   • Lazy Evaluation

6. Module 6

   Object-Oriented Languages

   • Objects, Classes, and Prototypes
   • Dynamic Dispatch
   • Inheritance and Traits
   • Object Identity and Encapsulation

7. Module 7

   Logic and Declarative Languages

   • Relations and Unification
   • Logic Programming
   • Constraint Programming
   • Dataflow and Query Languages

8. Module 8

   Memory Management

   • Stack and Heap Allocation
   • Manual Memory Management
   • Tracing Garbage Collection
   • Reference Counting and Cycles

9. Module 9

   Control Abstractions

   • Exceptions and Nonlocal Control
   • Continuations
   • Coroutines and Generators
   • Async–Await and Event Loops

10. Module 10

    Language Implementation and Design

    • Interpreters and Virtual Machines
    • Macros and Metaprogramming
    • Foreign-Function Interfaces
    • Evaluating Language Design Trade-Offs